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Deane Road Cemetery, Liverpool
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Here are biographies of some of the most notable residents of Deane Road cemetery. Those currently featured are:
I would like to thank all who have contributed to this page. If you know of anyone else buried at Deane Road who may be worthy of a feature on this page, please contact me.
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Henry Aarons (c.1801-1874) by Lois Kaufman
The inscription on Henry Aarons’ tombstone reads “Erected by the Old Hebrew Congregation to the memory of Henry Aarons, a faithful servant for thirty years”. Henry was the shamash (beadle) of the congregation from approximately 1845 until his death in 1874.
Henry Aarons was born either in Holland or London in about 1801. His father, Solomon Aarons, was an established businessman living in Duke Street, London, in the shadow of the Great Synagogue of which he was a privileged member. His business interests included owning a Hebrew bookshop at 21 Duke Street, and insurance records suggest that at various times he also traded in stationery, china, glass, earthenware and wine.
Very little is known about Henry’s early life. By 1841, he was living in Liverpool and in the 1841 census his occupation was given as stationer. He married Kate (aka Kitty) Woolf, daughter of Woolf Woolf, in Liverpool in 1843. Kitty was born in Holland in about 1823. During the 1840s Henry and his wife lived in Roscoe Lane, Brownlow Hill and Back Berry Street. In the 1851 census, Henry gave his occupation as “doorkeeper of synagogue”.
The minute books of the Old Hebrew Congregation provide some interesting insights into the life of Henry Aarons, specifically his earnings. In 1845, his annual salary was £31 17s 6d, which is equivalent to £2,473.81 today. Compare this to the salary of Rev MS Oppenheim (chazan and first minister) who earned £170 10s 6d (£13,234.41), Rev R Barnett (shochet and third minister) who earned £79 (£6,131.18), and A Abraham (caretaker of Deane Road Cemetery) whose annual salary was £17 17s (£1,346.53).
In 1848, the minute book states that it was part of Henry’s duties as a doorman to light and attend to the gas and fires. As well as this, it would have been his responsibility to maintain decorum during services and ensure newcomers were received and had sight of the appropriate prayer books.
According to the minute books, in December 1853 a charge of assault was laid by a Simon Hyam against Henry Aarons. The charge was investigated by the Synagogue’s minister, the Rev A Fischel, and Henry was duly reprimanded.
By the 1870s, Henry was living at 64 Russell Street with his wife and many children. Several of these children married at Seel Street Synagogue, but most ultimately moved away from Liverpool, to London or the States. In 1873, Henry was earning £52 per annum (equal to an annual salary of £3,303.37 today).
Kitty died in December 1872 and was buried at Deane Road. On 5 May 1874, while carrying out his duties at Seel Street Synagogue, Henry fell while taking a lamp off a hook on the ceiling of the building, broke his leg and was taken to Liverpool Royal Infirmary. He subsequently contracted erysipelas (a skin condition commonly known as St Anthony’s Fire) and died on 9 September 1874, sadly never to perform the duty of shamash at the congregation’s new and imposing premises on Princes Road. His youngest daughter Rose was 11 at the time.
Upon his death, Henry’s son Jacob Lyon Aarons, aged 23, took on his father’s position at the same annual wage of £52. According to the financial registers of the Liverpool Old Congregation, in each financial year from 1875 to 1877 the Board of the Children of the late Henry Aarons paid a sum of about £35 annually for the upkeep of the Aarons’ children.
Links http://www.lancashirebmd.org.uk
Other Sources - Jewish Chronicle Archives (available on subscription at http://www.thejc.com). - UK and US census data (available on subscription at http://www.ancestry.com). - Minute books of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation (held at Liverpool Record Office).
Grave References
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Israel Barned (1777-1858) by Saul Marks
Israel Barned was born in Portsmouth but moved to Liverpool some years before his marriage in 1811. He seems to have spent the first half of his career, like so many Jews of the early nineteenth century in Liverpool, as a watchmaker and goldsmith, gradually incorporating bullion and banking transactions in the early 1820s. He may taken over from his uncle’s earlier work in that field, following his death in 1819. Barned was very successful and, by 1825, owned a number of properties in the city. Around 1830, the Barned & Co Bank was formed, as a private concern, owned by Barned and the three Mozley brothers, who also owned property of their own. The Bank specialised in loaning money to shipping, cotton and timber firms.
Barned served consecutive years as Senior Warden of the Seel Street congregation from 1831-33, and again in 1838-39. It was during the 1830s that his most productive work for the congregation was done. In 1833, he was elected chairman of the committee which investigated and reported on the status of the burial ground on Oakes Street, and concluded that a new cemetery must be acquired. The majority of that committee formed the committee for the acquisition of a new burial ground, later in 1833, again with Israel Barned in the chair. This committee and, in particular, Barned, his brother-in-law Elias J Mozley, Abraham Jackson and David J Jackson, was responsible for the purchase of the land on which Deane Road stands, and the establishment of the cemetery.
Barned's standing in the Liverpool Jewish community had obviously not declined some 20 years later when, in 1852, he ceremonially laid the foundation stone of the synagogue in Hope Place. This was to by the first purpose-built home of the Liverpool New Hebrew Congregation, when had seceded from the Old Hebrew Congregation in 1838. At the laying of the foundation stone, his brother-in-law, Charles Mozley gave a keynote speech, and the ceremony was attended by the Chief Rabbi, Nathan Adler. The New Hebrew Congregation moved from Hope Place to a new synagogue building on Greenbank Drive in 1937, where it remains in existence today.
When Israel Barned died in London in 1858 (leaving an estate worth £200,000), the bank came under the control of Charles Mozley. In 1865, Mozley converted the bank into a limited company, with £2 million in capital, but it collapsed in the following year, due to suspected poor management, the sharp decline in the shipping industry, the effects of the American Civil War and the scandal of fraud allegations against one of the Mozleys’ cousins, who later vanished.
In Barned's will, he set up an annuity fund, to pay impoverished members of the Liverpool Jewish community £20, assuming they had lived in the city for two or more years. The fund existed until 1998.
Links http://www.eraoftheclipperships.com/page45web7.html http://www.eraoftheclipperships.com/page56.html http://www.charities-database.co.uk/251112.html
Other Sources - Hudaly, D (1974) "Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation 1780-1974", Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation, Liverpool. No ISBN. - Wolfman, J (1994), untitled article in “Together – the Journal of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation”, Sep 1994, page 22. - Wolfman, J (1993/4) "Liverpool's Jewish Mayor" in "Merseyside Jewish Representative Council Year Book 1993-94", pages 60-67.
Grave References
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David Behrend (1792-1863) George Henry Behrend (1826-1903) by Joe Wolfman and Saul Marks
David Behrend was born in 1792 in Hanover and came to England in 1809. He seems to have arrived in London penniless. A German nephew of his recounts that during a visit to England in 1856, his uncle showed him in one of the slums of the City of London the "most miserable of all houses where he had once as a hapless youth at the beginning of the century found shelter at night with money obtained by begging." He may have been in Liverpool by 1812, and he was soon prosperous enough to rent a seat in Liverpool's Seel Street Synagogue. In 1816/17 he is on the books of the Liverpool Philanthropic Society as a donor, not a recipient. He may have already been working for Charles Bahr, a Dane, who had established a ship-broking agency (i.e. an agency arranging the shipment of goods). In 1835, he became a partner. The firm of Bahr Behrend exists to this day in Liverpool.
David married twice: Priscilla Aaron of Liverpool in 1823 and, two years after her death, in 1835, Maria Hess, who belonged to a leading Liverpool family. He had two sons by Priscilla, George Henry and Henry Michael, and one son by Maria, Samuel Hesse. David was Senior Treasurer of the Old Hebrew Congregation's Seel Street Synagogue in 1845-46 and Senior Warden twice: 1851-52, 1855-57.
George joined the family firm and was very close to his father in business and synagogal affairs. He and Charles Bahr's son continued and expanded their fathers' business during the second half of the 19th century. George was Senior Treasurer of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation in 1861-62 and Junior Warden in 1870-71. He was also Norwegian Vice-Consul. His second wife, Hester Philips, lived to be 92 years, and a copy of a book of Jewish prayers and meditations which she compiled is in the Montagu Yates Library in the Liverpool Reform Synagogue. She was the last person to be buried at Deane Road cemetery, in 1929.
George's son, Edward A Behrend, became the third generation of the family to serve as a warden of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation when her was elected Junior Treasurer in 1913. He served in that post until 1917, when he became Senior Treasurer - a post he held until 1922.
Links http://www.bahragencies.co.uk/profile/who_are.htm
Other Sources - Sonneborn, CB (2000) "The Behrends of Rodenberg: a Worldwide Family Genealogy", privately published, pages 185-214. - Wolfman, J (1991) "Archivist's Corner" in the magazine of the Liverpool Progressive Synagogue, November/December 1991, page 8.
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Louis Benas (1819/20-1890) and Family by Saul Marks
Family History
Louis’ tombstone reads “A descendant of Don Isaac Abarbanel of Spain and of the Maharam of Padua, Italy”. Abarbanel (1437-1508) was one of the wealthiest and most important Jews in Spain, but his bribes to the king failed to prevent the expulsion of all the Jews in 1492. Eventually, he settled in Venice. His lifetime religious and philosophical works are still greatly respected by Jewish scholars today. The Maharam of Padua was born Meir ben Isaac (c.1482-1565) in Katzenelnbogen, Germany, and took Katzenellenbogen as his surname. He served as the chief rabbi of Padua for much of his life and was a leading authority in world Judaism in the first half of the 16th century. His descendants included many rabbis.
Louis Benas’ son, Baron (see below), explained the family’s connection with these reminiscences:
“An ancestor of mine was one of the Sephardim who may be regarded as having inaugurated Jewish communal existence in Liverpool. This particular ancestor sprang from those bands of voyagers, who at the time flourished in the Peninsula, and, when forced by Spanish and Portuguese persecution to seek homes elsewhere, settled in the West Indies, and cultivated a trade with English ports engaged in trans-Atlantic commerce...
My grandmother, Isabel Hoff, was a direct descendant of Don Isaac Abarbanel. I can thus claim kinship to the family of Don Abarbanel Dormido, whose name is prominently connected with the settlement of the Jews in England under the Commonwealth. Through my mother, on the other hand, I am related to several prominent personages in the earlier communal life of the metropolis. One of her uncles was Mr Moses Samuel, of Bath and Park Crescent, and she was a near kinswoman of Sir Benjamin Phillips and of Baron Henry de Worms, who became Lord Pirbright.”
Louis Benas (1819/20-1890)
Louis Benas was born in Prussia c.1820 and is thought to have married in London around 1843. His wife, Rose, had an equally distinguished ancestry. Her father was Rabbi Isaacher Beir Lichtenstadt (1760-1837), who came from the Prussian (now Polish) town of Krotoszyn. Both he and Rose’s mother, Rebecca Phillips (1774-1855) were also descended from the Katzenellenbogen family, mentioned above.
In 1851, Louis was working as a master boot- and shoemaker. In 1854, he naturalised as a British citizen and, by 1865, he was a banker in Liverpool. He owned property in both cities and opened a bank named Louis Benas and Sons, which existed for several decades in second half of the nineteenth century and in which he and all three of his sons were heavily involved. He was also a leading figure in the campaign for full political emancipation of the Jews in England.
Unfortunately, Louis spent around the last 20 years of his life paralysed, possibly from a stroke, thereby excluding him from the municipal and political life in which he had been so active.
Their children
Louis and Rose had eight children, of whom the eldest was Baron Louis Benas (1844-1914). Baron was one of the most well-known figures in the Liverpool Jewish community, leading not only the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation, but also the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society. He is also noted for writing the “Records of the Jews of Liverpool” (1899), which is the seminal work on the history of the community in the city. Baron’s son was Bertram Benjamin Baron Benas (1880-1968), a much-loved barrister, JP and CBE, who wrote a follow-up to his father’s historical work on the community. Both Baron and Bertram are buried at Deane Road’s successor, Broad Green Cemetery.
Louis and Rose’s second son, Alfred Louis Benas, is buried at Deane Road. He served as Junior Treasurer of LOHC in 1885-86, Senior Treasurer 1886-89 and Junior Warden 1889-91. It is not known why he was never elected Senior Warden, to complete his rise through the officers’ hierarchy.
Sadly, Louis and Rose lost two daughters, one in infancy in London and the other, Louisa, aged 23 in Liverpool, in 1873.
Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Abrabanel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abravanel http://www.authorama.com/chapters-on-jewish-literature-22.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir_ben_Isaac_Katzenellenbogen http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=135&letter=K#403 http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=667&letter=B
Other Sources - Jewish Chronicle 16 January 1914, page 18 (available via JC Archive (subscription required) at http://www.thejc.com). - Liverpool Daily Post 29 April 1890.
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James Braham (c.1811-1873) by Saul Marks
James Braham was, and remains, one of the most influential benefactors in the history of the Liverpool Jewish community. However, it was not the achievements of his life which earned him this accolade, but rather the contents of his will, which came to be known as the Braham Bequests.
James was born Zachariah Abrahams in Plymouth around 1811, to David Abrahams (c.1763-1840) and Rose Jacobs (1776-1842). Three of Rose's brothers had settled in Liverpool and founded the highly respected Jackson family. James worked most of his life in London as a gold merchant and clockmaker and married his first cousin, Henrietta Jackson, at Seel Street synagogue in Liverpool in 1854.
James died on 5 February 1873 at his home in Upper Norwood, Surrey, a very wealthy man. At the time, the synagogue on Princes Road was still under construction, and was subsequently completed and opened in 1874. The following year, it closed briefly for some alterations, one of which was the addition of two large black marble plaques, one either side of the main doors on the western wall, bearing the Ten Commandments in full, engraved and inscribed in gold. These were a donation by Henrietta in memory of James.
The main Braham Bequest was for the endowment of £13,000 per annum, to be divided equally between the senior and junior ministers of the Congregation, who would be termed the Braham Lecturer and Braham Reader, respectively. The condition of the award was that the ministers both be born in the UK, of British parents. Today, this is seen as a reflection of the exclusive attitude of the Congregation – and Anglo-Jewry as a whole – in the days when the vast majority of its membership was wealthy and highly assimilated. This situation contrasted starkly with the shtibls (smaller, communal houses of prayer) which grew up in the city at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, following the mass immigration of impoverished Ashkenazi Jews from eastern Europe and Russia.
Another quirk of the Braham Bequest was that it would not become operational until his Henrietta's death. When it became clear, in early 1890, that Henrietta's health was failing, the incumbent minister, Rev Joseph Polack, tendered his resignation, as he did not fulfil the criteria set down by Braham (his parents were not British), and wished to spare the Congregation the embarrassment of dismissing him. To add to the genealogical intricacies, Rev Polack's brother later married Henrietta's great-niece! Henrietta died on 15 February and, the following year, the first Braham Lecturer was appointed: Rev Samuel Friedeberg (later Frampton) of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In 1894, the first Braham Reader was appointed to join him, namely Rev John Harris of London.
In 1938, the Braham Lecturer, Rev Lewis Phillips, wished to assume the vacant position of Braham Reader in addition to his current post, following the departure of Rev Raphael Levy. It was unsure whether Rev Phillips was entitled to the entire bequest, if he could be seen to fill both posts, but a court ruling confirmed that this was acceptable, and this situation remained for the remaining nine years of his tenure. Following his departure and the struggle to find candidates for his successor as Braham Lecturer, the Congregation arranged to relax the conditions of appointment. The new terms were that successful candidates would have been resident in the UK for a minimum of ten years, and be competent enough in English to preach sermons in it. In recent times, of course, the Braham Bequest has not covered the entirety of the ministers' salaries, and has been supplemented by the Congregation itself.
The secondary Braham Bequest was for an endowment of around £6,000 for the annual benefit of poor Jewish girls of the Hebrew school in Hope Place. Each year, the chosen girl would receive £100, which would be invested and from which she would collect an annual dividend until she married a Jewish man. She would then receive the capital sum, but the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation had to approve her choice of bridegroom! This was clearly a scheme devised by Braham not only to give relief to girls from poorer families, but also to discourage the community's girls from marrying outside the religion. The original method of selecting a winner was to pick three girls aged between 14 and 17 at random from the school, in order to create a shortlist, and pull the winning name from a hat.
The Hebrew school moved to new premises on Childwall Road in 1957, and was renamed the King David High School. The following year, the method of selecting the winner was altered to the form of a competition, but the award was later ceased at some point after 1974. It was revived in 1995 and has been presented annually since 1999, although the capital sum is now awarded in the school year in which it is won, rather than at marriage. Although this negates the incentive for girls to marry within the religion, the sum of £100 is no longer large enough to be an incentive to influence marriage!
Today, the Congregation administers three Braham charities: the Charity of James Braham, the Henrietta Braham Fund and the Henrietta Braham Charity. Although James Braham's name is more well-known in Liverpool than Henrietta's, she also made an important contribution to the Jewish community. Her sister, Eliza Jackson (c.1821-1872), began building a retirement home for Jewish spinsters and widows, and Henrietta later purchased the site and funded the completion of the construction and weekly allowances for residents. The Eliza Jackson Home opened on 21 May 1877 at 30-32 North Hill Street, with rooms for six residents, without children, and it operated until 1958.
James Braham is described as an active member of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation, although he served only one year on the Sub-Committee, in 1860-61, as Junior Treasurer. However, it is his legacies to the congregation and to the Hebrew school that ensure that his name is still well-known in the Liverpool Jewish community today, over 130 years after her death.
Links http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/7854/liverpool03.html http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/registeredcharities/showcharity.asp?remchar=&chyno=526494 http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/registeredcharities/showcharity.asp?remchar=&chyno=251108 http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/registeredcharities/showcharity.asp?remchar=&chyno=251483
Other Sources Hudaly, D (1974) "Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation 1780-1974", Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation, Liverpool. No ISBN.
Grave References
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Isaac Bright (1762/3-1849)
There seems to be no definitive record of where Isaac Bright came from originally, or what his original last name was. What is known is that Isaac and his younger brother, Philip, arrived in Sheffield in about 1786 and that both of them became jewellers and silversmiths. They certainly formed part of the earliest community of Jews in Sheffield and possibly helped found the first synagogue there.
Isaac married Ann Micholls, who is also buried in Deane Road Cemetery. She was the daughter of Henry Micholls (also known as Hirsch Nicholls of Dereham, Norfolk). Isaac and Ann had ten children, and dozens of grandchildren, many of whom also became jewellers. The eldest sons, Maurice (1796-1848) and Selim (1799-1891), kept on the family business, Bright & Sons, in Sheffield until Maurice’s death in 1848. After that, Selim continued the business both in Sheffield and in Buxton, where he lived, and Maurice’s widow, Henrietta, and their sons Herbert and Frederick opened yet another branch in Scarborough. Another of Isaac and Ann’s sons, Henry Bright (b.1817), became a jeweller in Leamington and eventually became the Mayor of that town. The youngest son, Edward (b.1819), was in partnership with Henry for a while but then moved to Brighton and set up as a jeweller there.
The youngest daughter of Isaac and Ann was Rebecca (1814-38). She is buried in Deane Road Cemetery along with her husband, Henry Lyon (1805-78) and daughter Charlotte (1837-82). Other descendents included a grandson, Horatio Bright (1829-1906), who was well known in the Sheffield community as a very colourful though successful steel manufacturer. A grandson, Maurice DeLara Bright (1825/6-1902), was a composer who wrote several marches that were played at Buckingham Palace for Queen Victoria, and a great-granddaughter, Dora Bright (1863-1951), was a well known musician and songwriter.
Isaac’s brother Philip Bright (1784-1841) set up as a jeweller in Doncaster. In 1830, he made the Doncaster Gold Cup, with a value of 150 guineas. Philip’s second wife Sarah Jacobs was the sister of David Jacobs Jackson who is also buried in Deane Road Cemetery.
Links http://www.chrishobbs.com/horatiobrightfamily.htm
Source - Lamb, D (date unknown), "Lest We Forget". - Lipson, E (1947), “The Brights of Market Place” in “Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society”, Vol 6.
Grave References
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Rev Raphael Isaac Cohen (1803-1865)
Raphael Isaac Cohen was born in 1803, most likely in Stolp in Pommerania (now Słupsk, Poland), one of nine children of Isaac Freundlich. Raphael left Stolp in the early 1800s and by the 1820s he was living in Hanover, where he was a fellow student of Dr Nathan Marcus Adler (1803-90), who later became Chief Rabbi. A family friendship between the Cohens and the Adlers lasted for a century.
It is unclear why and when Raphael changed his surname to Cohen. A family legend states that his direct male ancestors were Cohanim – the priestly tribe of Israel – and it seems logical that this is why he chose this name.
It appears that Raphael was married twice. His marriage to his first wife, whose name is unknown, produced two daughters, both born in Hamburg: Theresa (born in 1828) and Bertha (born in 1832). Raphael and his family arrived in England sometime between Bertha’s birth in 1832 and 1836, when his wife died. Theresa and Bertha were sent to Hamburg for several years, presumably to be brought up by relatives or friends. Raphael remarried Bloom, a native of Dover, by 1851.
Raphael’s presence in Dover was first noted in 1839, where he is listed as Secretary for Marriages at Dover Synagogue. Dover’s Jewish community has always been small: in 1841, the congregation had only eight families. This was reinforced over a number of years by a Jewish boarding school called Sussex House, which was founded in about 1848 by Raphael Cohen. Descriptions of Sussex House reveal it was exceedingly comfortable and hygienic, with warm and cold bath rooms, a nursery and a playground. The syllabus included “English, mathematics, book-keeping, mental calculation, elocution etc”, as well as French, German and an option of Latin or Greek. In terms of Jewish education, pupils were taught Hebrew, with “the higher classes studying Rashi, Shulkhan Arukh and Mishnah”. By 1851, morning and evening services were held in the schoolroom, as the synagogue was too small to accommodate both the congregation and the staff and 53 pupils of Sussex House!
Raphael was known as Reverend Cohen (“Reverend” was used instead of “Rabbi” in England during this period) for he acted as lay preacher at the synagogue. His students greatly admired him, making presentations to him in 1851 and 1856.
He was also active in bettering the lives of Jews throughout England. In 1850, he financially helped establish a Society for the Encouragement of Literature among the Jews of England, and was an annual subscriber to this society. He was also active politically and became the spokesman of the Jewish inhabitants of Dover, welcoming and entertained guests. He was instrumental in obtaining the necessary funds to build a new synagogue for the Jewish inhabitants of Dover, which was opened in 1863. In September 1864, he was formerly elected leader of the Dover Jewish community.
Raphael was not only involved in the Jewish affairs of the city. He was well-known in Dover and participated in various civic duties. One of his last acts was taking part in the dedication ceremony of a large mansion, originally known as Mount Ellis.
Raphael lived in Dover until his death in 1865, but was visiting his daughter Bertha and her husband in Liverpool at the time of his death, “for a change if air”. Members of the Dover Jewish community drew their blinds and closed their shutters as a mark of respect, whilst others travelled to Liverpool for the funeral. The community felt such a void in its leadership that many of its endeavours came to a standstill.
Sources - Jewish Chronicle 10 March 1848 (available via JC Archive (subscription required) at http://www.thejc.com). - Jewish Chronicle 8 December 1865 (available via JC Archive (subscription required) at http://www.thejc.com). - Roth, C, “The Rise of Provincial Jewry”.
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Baroness Miriam de Menasce (1851-1890) by Saul Marks
Baroness Miriam de Menasce was born Miriam Gollin in Liverpool on 9 February 1851, the second of ten children of Bearman Gollin and Mary Marks. Bearman and Mary were both born in London but married in Liverpool in 1848, under the auspices of Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation. The Gollins were prominent in the local community: Bearman served as Junior Treasurer of LOHC in 1855-56 and Junior Warden 1862-63. Bearman gave 60 guineas to the fund for the building of Princes Road synagogue in the mid-1870s and Mary gave 2 guineas. Their sons donated in their memory an impressive set of silverware to adorn a Scroll of the Law at Princes Road, which is still displayed there today.
On 28 July 1869, aged 18, Miriam married Baron Joseph Levi de Menasce. The Menasce family was a Sephardi family of Moroccan descent based in Alexandria, Egypt, and one of the most powerful in the Egyptian Jewish community. They funded the establishment of schools, hospitals, synagogues and an art gallery and Joseph's father was created Baron by the Emperor Franz-Jozef of Austro-Hungary in 1875. Joseph worked in branches of his father's merchant banking business in London and Liverpool, which is how he came to meet Miriam.
They had one daughter, Céline de Menasce, in Liverpool in 1870. Joseph's business in Liverpool closed and the family moved to London, only to have to close that and return to Egypt. They settled in Cairo, where Joseph died of tuberculosis in 1877, at the tragically young age of 32. The de Menasce family ties were strong and Céline married her first cousin, Félix de Menasce, on 30 December 1889 in Alexandria.
Miriam had settled in Paris and expressed the wish that, despite all her travelling, she wanted to be buried in Liverpool when she died. Her wish was to be granted far sooner than her family would have thought, when she died on 30 October 1890, aged 39. Her body was returned to Liverpool and she was buried at Deane Road in an enormous domed structure in granite, with triple pillars at each of its four corners, adorned with Egyptian styles of carving. Today, the de Menasce tomb is the first object that catches the eye on entering the cemetery, despite the fact that it is not centrally located, nor is it in the first few rows of graves.
Bearman and Mary reserved plots next to Miriam and were buried there in 1895 and 1906 respectively. A sad epilogue to Miriam's life is another death at an early age: that of Céline on 20 July 1900, aged just 29.
Links http://members.aol.com/ECWilcock/Gollinweb/wc01/wc01_001.htm http://74.52.200.226/~sefarad/lm/016/page18.html http://www.geocities.com/rainforest/vines/5855/cattaui.htm http://www.egy.com/judaica/94-04-02.shtml
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Bearman Gollin (1818/19-1895)
(coming Winter 2008-09)
Grave References
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The Hime Family by Arnold Lewis
Humphrey Hime (1761-1845)
Music publisher, founder of Hime & Son Senior Warden 1822-23
Henry E Hime (1820-1881)
Humphrey's grandson
Links http://phonoarchive.org/grove/Entries/S13050.htm
Other Sources MJRC Yearbook 1987/8, pgs 35-36
Grave References
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John Raphael Isaac (1809-1870) by James Dickie
John Raphael Isaac was the eldest son of Ralph and Sophia Isaac (m.1805). In 1839, he married Sarah Amelia Coleman (1813-1901), granddaughter of Rabbi Benjamin Yates (d.1798) and ancestor of Viscount Samuel. The marriage was solemnised at Seel Street Synagogue, where Isaac subsequently held the post of Junior Treasurer, 1841-43. His in-laws were engravers like himself and his wife’s uncle engraved over 30 bookplates.
Isaac designed the menu for Prince Albert’s reception at the Town Hall in 1846, and was appointed medallist to the Prince. His advertisement reads, under the royal coat of arms, “By special appointment to HRH Prince Albert,” and goes on to list his specialities as “Drawing Designs and Plans, Armorial Painting and Manuscript Illumination,” with each line in a different script to show his versatility as a calligrapher.
Isaac worked in various media but especially lithography. He was also an art dealer and ran a heraldic office, engraving seals and bookplates. Seven signed bookplates dated between 1840 and 1860 are recorded. His trade card supplies further particulars: “Publisher, Printseller, Carver, Gilder and Picture Frame Manufacturer.” His business was located at 37 Castle Street in 1839 but, from 1843-67, he operated from the Art-Union Rooms at 62 Castle Street. He held the office of Honorary Secretary for Liverpool of the Art-Union, London. He subsequently operated from other addresses. He opened a lithographic studio in 1850.
Isaac resided at several addresses, notably numbers 27 and 46 Bedford Street North, both now victims of university expansion. He did work for the Royal Steamship Co, and published lithographs of the laying of the North Atlantic Cable, which could be bought either tinted or hand-coloured. In 1850, he issued a lithograph of the new synagogue in Hope Place, as well as a panorama of Liverpool seen from a balloon. A scrapbook in the Liverpool Record Office contains designs for memorials both Jewish and Christian, equine subjects, gentlemen’s seats, and rural churches.
Besides topographical work, he was a ship portraitist, producing prints of Liverpool shipping. As well as lithographing his own work, Isaac lithographed that of other artists, such as Samuel Walters, Liverpool’s most famous marine artist. The five prints after Walters include the Royal Charter (1856), published from 62 Castle Street. Another print is of a captured slaver, the Ashburton, in addition to lithographic portraits of tea clippers on the Liverpool register Crest of the Wave (1853), Spray of the Ocean (1854). Both ships were owned by Brice, Friend & Co, by whom he was commissioned to portray vessels in their fleet, but by far his best known work in this genre is his lithograph of the famous emigrant ship, the Lightning, which was plagiarised for a music cover (score by the Victorian music-hall artiste, Charles d’Albert). The ship was captained by “Bully” Forbes, whose tomb is in Toxteth Park Cemetery. Isaac also did commercial work for the Holt Shipping Line and the White-Star (Packet) Line (Liverpool-Melbourne). These commissions from major shipping companies explain how Isaac’s son Percy became a naval architect and shipbuilder.
Links http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Books/1857Isaac/index.htm http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=205&letter=S http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=25&letter=Y
Other Sources Wolf, L (1901) "History and Genealogy of the Jewish Families of Yates and Samuel of Liverpool", London. No ISBN.
Grave References
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The Jackson Family by Saul Marks
David Jacobs Jackson (1780-1854)
David Jackson was born David Jacobs in Totnes, Devon, in August 1780, one of 11 children of Isaac Jacobs (c.1736-1809) and Betsy Levy (1759-1836). He and two of his brothers married three sisters of the surname Ralph and all settled in Liverpool under the name of Jackson. It is not known where these marriages took place or when or why the brothers came to Liverpool. However, David's eldest daughter was born here in 1810 and, by 1825, he was established in Castle Street as a draper.
David was first elected as a warden of the Liverpool Hebrew Congregation (then worshipping in Seel Street) in 1834, when he took up the position of Senior Treasurer from his younger brother, Abraham. Around the same time, he was elected to the committee which was in charge of purchasing and establishing the cemetery on Deane Street (later Deane Road), of which Abraham was the treasurer. David served on this committee until it disbanded in 1837. By this time, he had been elected as Senior Warden, a position which he held during the term 1837-38 and again in 1845-46. He and his wife, Katherine (c.1780-1855), lived in Canning Street, in the heart of Georgian Liverpool, amongst the most well-respected members of society.
By the early 1850s, David had retired, and his will of 1853 described him as a "gentleman". In the final few years of his life, he lived in Southport, on the advice of his doctors. He died in June 1854, a very wealthy and well-respected man.
David was not just an important man in his own right, but he and Katherine founded a family of such repute that, even today, their name is still known in the congregation, particularly amongst those who serve as wardens. Below are the most well-known members of David's family.
Henrietta Jackson (1810-1890)
Henrietta was David's eldest child, and she married her cousin James Braham in Liverpool in 1854. They had no children but James became one of the wealthiest men in Liverpool and his bequests are still distributed today. In the mid-1870s, following the death of her sister Eliza (below), Henrietta funded the remainder required to set up the Eliza Jackson Home, which ran from 1877-1958. The fund set up in her name, the Henrietta Braham Endowment Fund, was used to help in the running of the home. Henrietta also presented the pulpit of the congregation's new synagogue on Princes Road in 1874, which had been donated by her husband James before his death. When Henrietta died in 1890, her husband's bequests to the congregation and to the girls of the Hebrew school came into operation.
George Isaac Jackson (1812-1877)
George Isaac Jackson was David's second child and eldest son and he married Caroline Moss in Basingstoke, Hampshire, in 1845. Like his father, he was a draper and, like his father, he was deeply involved in the running of the congregation, serving as Junior Treasurer in 1849-50, Senior Treasurer 1850-51 and Junior Warden 1855-56. It is not known why he was never elected as Senior Warden, although he served again as Senior Treasurer in 1858-59.
Sadly, George and Caroline lost three children in infancy, all of whom are buried at Deane Road, along with a son, David George Jackson (1853-79), who died aged 25 and their daughter, Sara Karo (1849-1919), who was one of the last burials in the cemetery.
Their only child known to have borne children was Alfred Moss Jackson (1848-1931), who was arguably the congregation's most well-known Senior Warden. Alfred served as Senior Warden in 1884-85 and then took on the position again, in his 60s, from 1915-19, in an era where every Senior Warden served a four-year term. Alfred's second tenure is believed to have been one in which he steered the congregation successfully through a political crisis. He also held a number of positions on the Board of the Hebrew Schools and served as president of almost every organisation in which he had an interest. Sadly, Alfred and his wife Rebecca had occasion to bury two children at Deane Road, although they and another of their sons are buried at its successor, Broad Green Cemetery.
Henry David Jackson (1814-1882)
Henry David Jackson was David's third child, and he also served as a warden of the congregation, soon after his father. He rose through the ranks, serving a year consecutively in each position: Junior Treasurer 1859-60, Senior Treasurer 1860-61, Junior Warden 1861-62 and Senior Warden 1862-63. In appears that, after this, he moved to London, where he married Lucy Gough in 1867. Although Lucy was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, and they lived in London, both are buried at Deane Road.
Eliza Jackson (1820-1872)
Eliza Jackson never married and died in London in 1872, although she was buried at Deane Road in the same tomb as her sister and brother-in-law, Henrietta and James Braham. She bequeathed a substantial sum for the establishment of a home for Jewish women in Liverpool. Henrietta subsequently added to the bequest, purchased the site and endowed the home, which opened on 21 May 1877 at 30-32 North Hill Street, Mossley Hill. It was stipulated that residents must be either spinsters or widows, without children and of the Jewish faith. Residence at the home would be free, and residents would receive a maximum of 10s per week allowance from the Henrietta Braham Endowment Fund (which totalled £7,000 at that time). Eliza's brother George (above) was present at the opening ceremony, and his son Alfred.
Abraham Jackson (1785-1839)
Abraham Jackson was David's younger brother, who perhaps started the family tradition of being involved in synagogue administration and politics. He served as Treasurer of the Seel Street congregation from 1815-16 and Warden from 1821-22, in the days when there were only two Honorary Officers, rather than four. When the administration was extended in the early 1830s, Abraham served as Senior Treasurer 1833-34 (immediately preceding David's tenure of the same office) and Senior Warden 1835-36. He was appointed treasurer of the committee which oversaw the purchase of Deane Road from 1833-37, during which time he was responsible for collecting all the pledges from congregants in order to fund the development of the site. The final entry in the minute book of the cemetery committee was the expression of great sadness at Abraham's passing in 1839, aged only 54, and the resolution to write to his widow, Betsy, with the committee's condolences. He was buried in the cemetery he had helped organise only a few years earlier, and Betsy was also buried at Deane Road in 1860.
In all, there are 22 members of the Jacobs/Jackson family buried at Deane Road. David and Abraham's eldest brother, the aforementioned John Jacobs Jackson (1775-1848) is one, along with his daughter, Jane Jacobs (c.1811-61), who had married her uncle, Lewis Jacobs (1791-1840), David and John's youngest brother. Lewis and Jane's second son, Charles Jacob Jacobs was buried at Deane Road in 1862.
Links http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/susser/levytotnes.htm http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/susser/westcountrywills.htm http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/susser/plymouthtombsindexeng.htm http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/susser/plymouthinscriptions.htm
Other Sources
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